Nearly all people on the globe have a great health threat caused by the pathogenic organisms. These organisms are competent in causing sickness in their host. Pathogenic organisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Northeastern University hosted a lecture on infectious diseases. In developing countries, where around 80% of the population of the world live, infectious agents are the major cause of illness and death. These harmful micro-organisms are transmitted through any person, animal biting or due to consumption of polluted water and contaminated food. Anyone can be a victim of infectious diseases. However, people with weak immunity are more prone to acquire these diseases. Some of the infectious diseases are:
Through bacteria- urinary tract infections, meningitis, skin rashes, tuberculosis, strep throat, et cetera.
Through fungi- ringworm, blast mycosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, toenail fungus, et cetera.
Parasitic infections- malaria, toxocariasis, chagas, et cetera.
Viral infections- coronavirus, mononucleosis, HIV/AIDS, flu, smallpox, et cetera.
These infectious diseases can be transmitted via direct contact with a person, for example, if a man with a virus or bacterium coughs, sneezes, touches, kisses or has sexual contact with another individual; the germs can spread through him to other people nearby. A bite from an infected animal can also prove to be fatal. Animal waste should be handled with care. Even a pregnant woman can pass the infecting germs to the unborn baby through the placenta or a lactating mother while breastfeeding can become the transmitter of infectious diseases. The indirect sources of infectious diseases are surfaces like doorknobs, handles, railings, tabletops, et cetera. When a sick person touches such surfaces, he leaves the germs on it and then, when a healthy person touches it again, he invites the microbe into his body. Vectors like mosquitoes, ticks, lice or fleas can also transmit the germs. However, some precautions can be taken to prevent such diseases, they are:
Get vaccinated.
Maintain proper hygiene.
You must stay home, when sick.
Don’t share personal items like towel, toothbrush, razors, et cetera.
You must travel wisely.
Succinctly, proper prevention must be taken to stay healthy and happy as health is wealth and happiness is the key to a peaceful life.
Aarushi Chawla